Fanconi anemia (fan-KO-nee uh-NEE-me-uh), or FA, is a rare, inherited blood disorder that leads to bone marrow failure. FA causes your bone marrow to stop making enough new blood cells for your body to work normally. FA also can cause your bone marrow to make many abnormal blood cells. This can lead to serious health problems such as cancer.

Fanconi anemia is a type of aplastic anemia. In aplastic anemia, the bone marrow slows down or stops making all three types of blood cells. Low levels of the three blood cell types can harm many of the body’s organs, tissues, and systems. Here are some of the problems that occur when the bone marrow stops making all three types of blood cells:

  • With too few red blood cells, your body’s tissues won’t receive enough oxygen to work well.
  • With too few white blood cells, your body may have problems fighting infections. This can make you sick more often and make infections worse.
  • With too few platelets, you may suffer from excessive bleeding.

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